Breathlessness (shortness of breath) is a common symptom that may be related to the heart, lungs, or general fitness. It can occur during physical activity or, less commonly, at rest.

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In many cases breathlessness is caused by non-cardiac conditions such as lung disease, deconditioning, or anxiety. However, it is important to assess whether the heart may be contributing to symptoms.

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A cardiology assessment can help determine whether breathlessness is related to the heart and whether further tests are required.

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Possible causes of breathlessness

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Breathlessness may be caused by several conditions including:

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• Heart failure
• Coronary artery disease
• Heart valve disease
• Abnormal heart rhythms
• Lung conditions such as asthma or chronic lung disease
• Deconditioning or reduced fitness

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Many people with breathlessness do not have significant heart disease, but it is important to assess the cause properly.

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When to seek medical advice

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You should consider cardiology assessment if you experience:

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• breathlessness during physical activity that is new or worsening
• reduced exercise tolerance
• breathlessness associated with chest discomfort
• breathlessness with palpitations or dizziness
• symptoms with a family history of heart disease

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Urgent medical attention should be sought if breathlessness occurs suddenly, is severe, or is associated with chest pain or collapse.

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How breathlessness is investigated

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Assessment may include:

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• ECG
• Echocardiogram
• CT coronary angiogram
• Exercise testing / functional testing
• Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk assessment

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These tests help determine whether the heart is contributing to symptoms.

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What happens during your consultation

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During your appointment, a full history will be taken and your cardiovascular risk assessed.

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Where appropriate, investigations can be arranged promptly to clarify the cause of breathlessness and guide treatment.