Heart rhythm disorders, also known as arrhythmias, occur when the heart beats too quickly, too slowly or irregularly.

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The heart normally beats in a regular rhythm controlled by its natural electrical system. When this electrical activity is disrupted, it can cause symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness or episodes of fainting.

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Many rhythm disturbances are benign, but some may require investigation or treatment. A cardiology assessment can help determine the cause of symptoms and whether further evaluation is needed.

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Symptoms of heart rhythm disorders

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Symptoms vary depending on the type of rhythm disturbance and how long it lasts.

Possible symptoms include:

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• palpitations or awareness of the heartbeat
• a rapid or irregular heartbeat
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• episodes of fainting or near fainting
• breathlessness
• fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance

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Some arrhythmias may occur intermittently, which can make them more difficult to detect without monitoring.

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Types of heart rhythm disorders

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Several different rhythm disturbances can affect the heart.

Common examples include:

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• atrial fibrillation
• supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
• atrial flutter
• premature beats (extra heartbeats)
• slow heart rhythms (bradycardia)

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Each condition has different causes and treatment options.

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How heart rhythm disorders are investigated

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Evaluation typically involves assessing the heart rhythm and identifying any underlying structural heart disease.

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Investigations may include:

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• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• ambulatory ECG monitoring (such as Holter monitoring)
• echocardiography
• exercise testing in selected cases

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These tests help determine the type of arrhythmia and guide appropriate treatment.

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Treatment for heart rhythm disorders

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Treatment depends on the type of arrhythmia and the severity of symptoms.

Management may include:

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• reassurance if the rhythm disturbance is benign
• medications to control heart rate or rhythm
• treatment of contributing conditions such as high blood pressure or thyroid disease
• catheter ablation procedures for certain rhythm disorders
• pacemaker implantation in selected cases

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A personalised treatment plan will be recommended based on individual circumstances.

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When to seek medical advice

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You should consider cardiology assessment if you experience:

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• frequent palpitations
• episodes of rapid or irregular heartbeat
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• unexplained fainting or blackouts
• palpitations associated with chest discomfort or breathlessness

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Consultation

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Private cardiology consultations with Dr Thomas Heseltine are available at Spire Murrayfield Hospital Wirral.

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Appointments include a detailed assessment of symptoms and cardiovascular risk, with advice regarding appropriate investigations such as ambulatory ECG monitoring or echocardiography if required.