Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle that affect the structure or function of the heart. These conditions can alter the way the heart pumps blood and may lead to symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue or palpitations.

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There are several different types of cardiomyopathy, and the severity can vary widely. Some people have mild disease with few symptoms, while others may develop more significant heart problems.

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A cardiology assessment can help determine whether symptoms may be related to cardiomyopathy and whether further investigation is required.

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Symptoms of cardiomyopathy

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Symptoms depend on the type and severity of the condition.

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Possible symptoms include:

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• breathlessness, particularly during exertion
• fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance
• palpitations
• dizziness or fainting
• swelling of the ankles or legs

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In some cases cardiomyopathy may be discovered incidentally during heart imaging performed for other reasons.

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Types of cardiomyopathy

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Several forms of cardiomyopathy can affect the heart muscle.

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Common types include:

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• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – thickening of the heart muscle
• Dilated cardiomyopathy – enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy – stiffening of the heart muscle
• Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy – a condition affecting the electrical and structural properties of the heart

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Each type has different causes and management strategies.

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Causes of cardiomyopathy

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Cardiomyopathy can occur for several reasons.

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Possible causes include:

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• genetic or inherited conditions
• previous viral infections affecting the heart
• long-standing high blood pressure
• heart valve disease
• alcohol or certain medications
• other systemic medical conditions

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Sometimes the underlying cause may not be clearly identified.

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How cardiomyopathy is investigated

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Assessment typically involves detailed imaging of the heart.

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Investigations may include:

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• echocardiography
• cardiac MRI
• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• ambulatory ECG monitoring

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These tests help determine the structure, function and electrical activity of the heart, which is important in diagnosing the specific type of cardiomyopathy.

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Treatment for cardiomyopathy

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Management depends on the type of cardiomyopathy and the severity of symptoms.

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Treatment may include:

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• medications to support heart function
• treatment of underlying conditions such as high blood pressure
• lifestyle advice including exercise and alcohol moderation
• monitoring with periodic heart imaging

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In selected cases additional treatments such as implantable devices or specialist procedures may be recommended.

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When to seek medical advice

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You should consider cardiology assessment if you experience:

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• persistent breathlessness
• unexplained fatigue
• recurrent palpitations
• episodes of dizziness or fainting
• a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death

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Consultation

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Private cardiology consultations with Dr Thomas Heseltine are available at Spire Murrayfield Hospital Wirral.

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Appointments include a detailed clinical assessment and advice regarding appropriate investigations such as echocardiography or cardiac MRI if required.