Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood around the body as effectively as it should. This can lead to symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue and fluid retention.

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Despite the name, heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped working. Instead, it means the heart’s pumping function has become impaired or the heart muscle has become stiff and less able to fill properly.

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A cardiology assessment can help determine whether symptoms may be related to heart failure and identify the underlying cause.

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Symptoms of heart failure

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Symptoms can develop gradually and may worsen over time.

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Possible symptoms include:

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• breathlessness, particularly during exertion
• breathlessness when lying flat
• fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance
• swelling of the ankles or legs
• unexplained weight gain due to fluid retention

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Some people may also experience persistent cough or difficulty sleeping due to breathlessness.

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Causes of heart failure

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Heart failure can develop as a result of several underlying heart conditions.

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Common causes include:

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• coronary artery disease
• previous heart attack
• cardiomyopathy
• long-standing high blood pressure
• heart valve disease
• certain heart rhythm disorders

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Identifying the underlying cause is important in determining the most appropriate treatment.

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How heart failure is investigated

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Assessment usually includes imaging and tests to evaluate heart function.

Investigations may include:

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• echocardiography
• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• blood tests
• cardiac MRI in selected cases

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These tests help assess the structure and function of the heart and guide appropriate treatment.

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Treatment for heart failure

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Treatment focuses on improving symptoms and supporting heart function.

Management may include:

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• medications to improve heart function and reduce fluid retention
• treatment of contributing conditions such as high blood pressure or coronary artery disease
• lifestyle changes including dietary adjustments and regular physical activity
• monitoring with periodic heart imaging

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Treatment plans are tailored to the individual based on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

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When to seek medical advice

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You should consider cardiology assessment if you experience:

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• persistent breathlessness
• swelling of the ankles or legs
• reduced exercise tolerance
• fatigue that is worsening over time
• breathlessness when lying flat

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Consultation

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Private cardiology consultations with Dr Thomas Heseltine are available at Spire Murrayfield Hospital Wirral.

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Appointments include a detailed clinical assessment and advice regarding appropriate investigations such as echocardiography or cardiac MRI if required.